Seattle Transit Measure Survey Highlights Gaps in Fare Equity and Service

A comprehensive survey of nearly 500 people in the Seattle region, conducted by the Transit Riders Union, has illuminated persistent challenges within the local public transportation system. While voters consistently show support for transit funding, the survey results highlight significant gaps in fare equity and service accessibility, particularly impacting low- and middle-income residents. The findings underscore the need for continued advocacy to ensure the transit system benefits all users equitably.

Patchwork of Fare Benefits

Seattle’s transit system offers two primary avenues for reduced or free fares: the ORCA LIFT card for low-income individuals and employer-provided transit passes. However, access to these benefits is uneven. The ORCA LIFT program offers a $1 fare to those earning below 200% of the federal poverty line, a crucial resource for many. Employer-provided passes, often facilitated through the ORCA Business Passport Program, provide unlimited transit access to employees of participating businesses. While this program is beneficial for recipients, it relies on employer participation, leaving many individuals without access.

The survey indicated that 65% of individuals with an unlimited transit pass use transit for most of their commutes, compared to 50% of those without such passes. Testimonials from riders suggest these passes significantly ease financial burdens and encourage more frequent use. However, the reliance on employment for access means those who are unemployed, self-employed, or work for small businesses not enrolled in the program are excluded from these benefits. This creates a disparity where the advantages of a robust transit system are not universally shared.

Income Disparities and Transit Dependency

The survey data also revealed a strong correlation between income level and transit dependency. Poorer respondents were most likely to rely on transit for work, a necessity given the high cost of car ownership in the region. Transit routes that are infrequent or slow disproportionately burden those who cannot or choose not to drive, including younger individuals, the elderly, and those unable to afford a car.

Analysis of transit habits across different income brackets showed that transit commute choices were similar for those earning less than $30,000 and those earning between $30,000 and $60,000 per year. However, a notable dip in transit usage was observed among those earning between $60,000 and $100,000. Riders earning over $100,000 reported higher rates of consistent transit commuting, potentially reflecting the concentration of high-paying jobs in transit-accessible downtown areas.

Two key takeaways emerge from these income analyses. Firstly, many low-to-middle income residents likely earn too much to qualify for ORCA LIFT, despite their significant reliance on public transit. Secondly, middle-income workers, whose jobs are often more dispersed throughout the region, may not have access to convenient transit options. Addressing these barriers is critical for ensuring broader access to affordable and efficient transportation.

Addressing Gaps and Future Fights

The survey identified serious gaps in the usability of Seattle’s transit system, including infrequent service, missing routes, and lengthy travel times compared to driving. Advocates emphasize the need for increased service frequency and faster travel times. Furthermore, the current income threshold for ORCA LIFT may exclude many who are functionally in poverty due to Seattle’s high cost of living and income inequality. Tying fare programs to a more localized indicator like Area Median Income (AMI) could better align with the program’s goal of serving lower-income residents.

The Transit Riders Union acknowledges the success of the ORCA Business Passport Program in generating revenue for transit agencies and benefiting participating employees. However, they advocate for expanded access to reduced fares for all residents, regardless of employment status or employer participation. For frequent riders without employer-provided passes, the cost of a monthly pass can be a significant financial burden. Future political battles are expected to focus on closing these gaps and ensuring that the transit system truly serves the needs of all Seattle-area residents.

Key facts

Source: The Urbanist, https://www.theurbanist.org/op-ed-how-the-seattle-transit-measure-can-benefit-all/